Owl: A greenhouse thermometer logs temperature all afternoon. The graph wiggles — cool after lunch, warmer near 4 p.m. The gardener asks for one number: "What was the average temperature from 1 to 5?"
They don't mean "add the endpoints and divide by two." They mean the constant height whose rectangle on [1, 5] has the same signed area as the actual temperature curve.
That constant is the average value of the function. It equals (1/(b−a)) ∫ₐᵇ f.
What constant temperature would produce the same "degree-hours" as a varying day on that interval?